Question Summary:
What is the ruling on sharing the properties of the deceased? Question Detail:
Please is there any rule pertaining sharing of a property of a deceased person. For instance the man died leaving properties with one wife and only two sons whiles both his parents are still alive but the family insisted on sharing the properties early due to some personal reasons. Now this is the case the father of the deceased man also died 5years later, i want to ask if the father of the deceased man who died recently is entitled to any of his son's properties since he is dead before the family gathered to share the entire properties. Salaamualaikum
Answer :
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
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According to the Islamic Law of Succession and Inheritance, distribution of an estate will only commence after funeral expenses, debts (including legal costs) and bequests (if any) made to NON-HEIRS – [which will not exceed one-third (1/3) of the Estate after debts and funeral expenses have been settled.] have been paid out. Thereafter, ALL assets form part of the Net Estate and will have to be distributed according to the Islamic Law of Succession and Inheritance.
In the enquired situation, all properties owned by the deceased person must be distributed to his heirs along with the rest of his assets without unnecessary delay.
We are advised the deceased is survived by
Father
Mother
Two (2) sons
Wife
The estate will be divided into 48 shares and distributed as follows:
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BENEFICIARY
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SHARE
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PERCENTAGE
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Father[1]
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8
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16.67%
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Mother[2]
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8
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16.67%
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Son [1][3]
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13
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27.08%
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Son [2]
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13
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27.08%
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Wife[4]
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6
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12.5%
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TOTAL
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48
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100%
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NOTE: The above percentage figures have been rounded up to two decimal places.
If the father has passed away before receiving his share, then too he is entitled to his share. His share will form part of his net estate and distributed accordingly. The query does not mention the total remaining heirs of the father. Thus, we are unable to provide a table depicting the distribution of his estate.
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Abdullah ibn Mohammed Aijaz
Student Darul Iftaa
Baltimore, USA
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
منحة السلوك في شرح تحفة الملوك (ص: 431) [1]
فالأب له السدس مع وجود الابن أو ابن الابن، لقوله تعالى: {وَلأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ} [النساء: 11]
نفحات السلوك على تحفة الملوك (ص: 424) [2]
أي للأم ثلاثة أحوال: الأولى: السدس مع الولد قال - جل جلاله -: { وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ } [النساء: 11]
منحة السلوك في شرح تحفة الملوك (ص: 437) [3]
هذا الفصل في بيان العصبات
قوله: (العصبة قسمان: عصبة نسب وعصبة سبب).
اعلم أن العصبة في اللغة: عبارة عن الإحاطة، ومنه: عصبة القلنسوة، سميت عصبة: لإحاطتها حوالي الرأس، وهذا المعنى موجود في هذا الباب، لأن العصبة تحرز جميع المال، إذا لم يكن معه صاحب فرض.
والعصبة على نوعين: عصبة نسبية وعصبة سببية.
(أما العصبة النسبية فثلاثة أصناف: الأول: عصبة بنفسه، والثاني: عصبة بغيره، والثالث: عصبة مع غيره).
(أما العصبة بنفسه) فكل ذكر لا يدخل في نسبته إلى الميت أنثى، وهو معنى قول المصنف: (كل ذكر يدلي إلى الميت بمحض الذكور، وهم أربعة أصناف: جزء الميت) أي البنون، ثم بنوهم وإن سفلوا
منحة السلوك في شرح تحفة الملوك (ص: 436) [4]
قوله: (والثمن) أي للزوجة الثمن: (مع أحد الولد وولد الابن) لقوله تعالى: {فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ} [النساء: 12].
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