Question Summary:
Please tell me in detail about the Fitna Khalqe Quran , which appeared at time of Imam Ahmed Ibn Hambel (RH)?

Question Detail:

1. Can you please send me a copy of Sh. Zakariya Kandhalvi (RH) book , "the difference of Imams", if you have it in PDF format, or from where I can get it in India.
2. Please tell me in detail about the Fitna Khalqe Quran , which appeared at time of Imam Ahmed Ibn Hambel (RH)?

Answer :

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Assalaamu `alaykum waRahmatullahi Wabarakatoh
We never found any PDF format of ‘Differences of the Imams’ but we sending you the address you may purchase this booklet:
Answer 1:
Idara Ishaat E Diniyat
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idara.com
 
Answer 2:
The grand Durbar of the greatest of the Abbasside Caliph, Mamunar Rashid, at Tarsus, was packed to its capacity. A frail bodied person, with a resolute look and a calm countenance, was carried forward by the guards through a long row of distinguished courtiers, officials and religious scholars. The person was Ahmad ibn Hambal (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi) who had been summoned by the Caliph, who, supported by several religious scholars tried to argue with Ahmad bin Hambal (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi) but the Imam was adamant and refused to change his views. He was therefore put behind the bars.

Imam Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hambal (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi), the founder of the Hambali School of Muslim jurisprudence, is one of the greatest personalities of Islam who profoundly influenced both the historical development and modern revival. (Ta’arikhul-islam/Encyclopaedia of Islam). 
 
Born at Baghdad on the Ist of Rabi-ul-Awwal, 164 A.H. (December 780) Ahmad ibn Hambal (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi) was an Arab, belonging to Bani Shayban of Rabia, who had played an important role in the Muslim conquest of Iraq and Khorasan. His family first resided at Basra. His grandfather Hambal ibn Hilal, Governor of Sarakhs, under the Omayyads had the headquarters at Marv. Ahmad’s father Muhammad ibn Hambal (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi), who was employed in the Imperial Army in Khorasan, later moved to Baghdad, where he died three years later. 
 Ahmad, who had become an orphan at a very early age, inherited a family estate of modest income. He studied jurisprudence, Tradition and lexicography in Baghdad. There he attended the lectures of Qazi Abu Yusuf (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi).  Abu `Abd Allah al-Dhuhli al-Shaybani al-Marwazi al-Baghdadi (D. 241). Al-Dhahabi (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi) says of him: "The true Shaykh of Islam and leader of the Muslims in his time, the hadith master and proof of the Religion. He took hadith from Hushaym, Ibrahim ibn Sa`d, Sufyan ibn `Uyayna, `Abbad ibn `Abbad, Yahya ibn Abi Za’ida (Rahimahullah Ta’ala), and their layer. From him narrated al-Bukhari [two hadiths in the Sahih], Muslim [22], Abu Dawud [254], Abu Zur`a, Mutayyan, `Abd Allah ibn Ahmad, Abu al-Qasim al-Baghawi, and a huge array of scholars. Later, he was much influenced by Imam Shafii (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi) and became his disciple. From 795 A.D., he devoted himself to the study of Tradition and made frequent visits to Iran, Khorasan, Hejaz, Yemen, Syria, Iraq and even to Maghrib in quest of authentic Traditions of the Prophet (Sallallaahu ‘alayhi Wassalam). He made five pilgrimages to the holy cities. 
 According to Imam Shafii (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi), who taught Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) to Ahmad ibn Hambal (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi), the latter was the most learned man he had come across in Baghdad. The way Imam Ahmad ibn Hambal withstood the trials and tribulations of the Abbaside Caliph for fifteen years on account of his opposition to the officially supported Mutazillite doctrine of the creation of Quran is a living tribute to the Imam’s high character and indomitable will, which immortalized him as one of the greatest men of the times. 
The Abbaside Caliph, Mamoon-ar-Rashid, was much influenced in his last days by the doctrines of Mutazillites, including that of the creation of Quran, and gave an official support to it. The distinguish religious leaders and divines, one after another, accepted the views of the Caliph. Imam Ahmad bin Hambal (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi) opposed this doctrine vigorously and suffered as a result, which immensely added to his popularity and immortalized him as one of the greatest men of all times. 
The Abbaside Caliph, Mamoon-ar-Rashid died shortly after the imprisonment of Imam Ahmad (Rahmatullahi ‘alayhi). He was succeeded by Al-Mutasim, who summoned the Imam and asked the same question about the creation of Quran. Still he refused to accept the Mutazillite doctrine. So he was severely flogged and thrown into the prison. He was however allowed to return home after two years. During the reign of the succeeding Abbaside Caliph, Wasiq, he was not permitted to preach his faith and was compelled to live in retirement. All these hardships failed to detract him from the path of righteous. 
The sufferings of the Imam ended when Al Mutawakkil became the Caliph. The Imam was invited and enthusiastically welcomed by the Caliph, who requested him to give lessons on Traditions to the young Abbaside Prince, Al-Mutazz. But the Imam declined this offer on account of his old age and failing health. He returned to Baghdad without seeing the Caliph and died at the age of 75 in Rabi-ul-Awwal of 241 A.H. (July 855 A.D.). He was buried in the Martyrs cemetery, near the Harb gate of Baghdad. ‘His funeral was attended by millions of mourners and his tomb was the scene of demonstrations of such ardent devotion that the cemetery had to be guarded by the civil authorities and his tomb became the most frequented place of pilgrimage in Baghdad’ (Taarikhul-Islam/Encyclopedia of Islam). 
Imam Ahmad laid greater emphasis on Traditions. His monumental work is Musnad, an encyclopaedia containing 28,000 to 29,000 Traditions of the Prophet (Sallallaahu ‘alayhi Wassalam) in which the Traditions are not classified according to the subject as in the Sahihs of Muslim and Bukhari, but under the name of the first reporter. His other notable works are: Kitab-us-Salaat (Book of Prayer); Ar-radd alal-Zindika (a treatise in refutation of Mutazillites, which he wrote in prison); and Kitab-us-Sunnah (in which he expounds his views). 
Though the fundamental purpose of the Imam’s teaching may be seen as a reaction against the codification of Fiqh, his disciples collected and systematized his replies to questions, which gave birth to the Hambali Fiqh, the fourth School of Muslim jurisprudence. 
Wassalam


Mufti Ebrahim Desai (M1)
Darul Iftaa, Madrassah In'aamiyyah