Question Summary:
Qadha and Kaffarah

Question Detail:

The question is that I am a male in twenties, I have broken many fasts by different ways that I don't even remember the numbers. I remember of masturbating while fasting and also I have eaten in some fasts which I don't remember how much exactly. The question is that do I have to do kaffarah (fasting straight 60 days) and qadha for all of the fasts that I have broken or I will have to get an estimated number and then do 1 Kaffarah for all and then do qadha for all broken fasts? Like if I estimate the number of broken fasts to be 30 (adding up broken fasts of all different years) then do I have to do 1 kaffarah and 30 qadha? Also if this is the case will I need to do the qadha with the kaffarah or I can have breaks in the qadha. 

Answer :

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

The thought and realization of making up for the missed fasts and broken fasts is Taufeeq and guidance from Allah. As such, Allah will make it easy for you to make up for the missed and broken fasts.

Whilst you should make Shukr for such a thought, you should also make lots of Taubah and Istighfaar for your negligence in not knowing the basic laws of fasts and not observing the fasts.

If one did not fast at all, then only one Qadha fast has to be made for each individual missed fast. In this case, there is no 60 days penalty. The 60 days penalty is only if one kept the fasts and broke it without a valid reason in Shariah. Every time one fasts and breaks the fasts without a valid reason, 60 fasts will have to be kept as penalty as well as one Qadha fast.

However, Shariah has considered the huge implications of Kaffarah and has granted concession of combinations of penalties. That is, you may keep 60 consecutive fasts with the intention of penalty for all the broken fasts. As such, one penalty of 60 fasts will suffice on behalf of all the previous broken fasts. There is no combination of the Qadha fasts. Therefore, you will have to make up for the missed Qadha fasts individually.

As an example, if one hundred and twenty-five fasts were broken, one Kaffarah would suffice for all the broken fasts. However, additional fasts will have to be kept for missed fasts excluding the Kaffarah fasts.

In an event, a fast was broken without an excuse in Shariah after keeping Kaffarah of the previous broken fasts, another Kaffarah would have to be kept to compensate any other broken fasts thereafter.

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Huzaifah Deedat

Student Darul Iftaa
Lusaka, Zambia

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

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مراقي الفلاح شرح نور الإيضاح (ص: 247)- المكتبة العصرية

إذا فعل" المكلف "الصائم" مبيتا النية في أداء رمضان ولم يطرأ ما يبيح الفطر بعده كمرض أو قبله كسفر وكان فعله "شيئا منها" أي المفسدات "طائعا" احترازا عن المكره ولو أكرهته زوجته في الأصح كما في الجوهرة وبه يفتى فلا كفارة ولو حصلت الطواعية في أثناء الجماع لأنها بعد الإفطار مكرها في الابتداء "متعمدا" احترز به عن الناسي والمخطئ1. "وغير مضطر" إذا المضطر لا كفارة عليه "لزمه القضاء" استدراكا للمصلحة الفائتة "و" لزمه "الكفارة" لكمال الجناب

مراقي الفلاح شرح نور الإيضاح (ص: 251) - المكتبة العصرية

وكفت كفارة واحدة عن جماع وأكل متعدد في أيام لم يتخلله تكفير ولو من رمضانين على الصحيح فإن تخلل التكفير لا تكفي كفارة واحدة في ظاهر الرواية.

البحر الرائق شرح كنز الدقائق ومنحة الخالق وتكملة الطوري (2/ 298)

ولو جامع مرارا في أيام رمضان واحد، ولم يكفر كان عليه كفارة واحدة؛ لأنها شرعت للزجر، وهو يحصل بواحدة فلو جامع وكفر ثم جامع مرة أخرى فعليه كفارة أخرى في ظاهر الراوية للعلم بأن الزجر لم يحصل بالأول- ولو جامع في رمضانين فعليه كفارتان، وإن لم يكفر للأولى في ظاهر الرواية، وهو الصحيح كذا في الجوهرة