Question Summary: How to pay Zakaat on land? Question Detail:
I have purchased a certain piece of land and it will be sold by me till i get a proper amount that appeals to me. I have at present made part payment of this land. It is decided that the rest of the amount shall be given after the formalities regarding the land are completed so that it can be legally transferred in my name. Now my question is two folds. The first being that can i sell this land directly so someone if i get a proper amount before giving the entire amount. Or is it that i shall have to pay the entire amount and take the land in my name legally and then only will i be able to transfer it. Secondly what is the manner in which Zakat is to be paid for such kind of land and in such a situation.
Answer :
Answer: In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh. 1) Please inform us whether you have taken total possession of the land or not in order to answer the question. 2) Zakaat will not be paid on such a land until total possesion takes place. Once you acquire the land fully then you will pay Zakaat on the market price. And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best Mawlana Mohammed Patel, Student Darul Iftaa Lusaka, Zambia. Checked and Approved by, Mufti Faisal Bin Abdul Hameed
رد المحتار ( ص 259 / ج 2 / دار الفكر / المتوفى 1252 ه )
(وسببه) أي سبب افتراضها (ملك نصاب حولي) نسبة للحول لحولانه عليه (تام) بالرفع صفة ملك، خرج مال المكاتب.
شرح
(قوله: خرج مال المكاتب) أي خرج بالتقييد به لأن المراد بالتام المملوك رقبة ويدا، وملك المكاتب ليس بتام لوجود المنافي ولأنه دائر بينه وبين المولى فإن أدى مال الكتابة سلم له. وإن عجز سلم للمولى؛ فكما لا يجب على المولى فيه شيء فكذا المكاتب كما في الشرنبلالية. قلت: وخرج أيضا نحو المال المفقود والساقط في. ر ومغصوب لا بينة عليه ومدفون في برية فلا زكاة عليه إذا عاد إليه كما سيأتي؛ لأنه وإن كان مملوكا له رقبة لكن لا يدل عليه كما أفاده في البدائع، وخرج به أيضا كما في البحر المشترى للتجارة قبل القبض والآبق المعد للتجارة .
الجوهرة النيرة
(قَوْلُهُ مِلْكًا تَامًّا) يُحْتَرَزُ عَنْ مِلْكِ الْمُكَاتَبِ وَالْمَدْيُونِ وَالْمَبِيعِ قَبْلَ الْقَبْضِ لِأَنَّ الْمِلْكَ التَّامَّ هُوَ مَا اجْتَمَعَ فِيهِ الْمِلْكُ وَالْيَدُ وَأَمَّا إذَا وَجَدَ الْمِلْكَ دُونَ الْيَدِ كَمِلْكِ الْمَبِيعِ قَبْلَ الْقَبْضِ وَالصَّدَاقِ قَبْلَ الْقَبْضِ أَوْ وَجَدَ الْيَدَ دُونَ الْمِلْكِ كَمِلْكِ الْمُكَاتَبِ وَالْمَدْيُونِ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ.
البناية
وقيل: يحتمل أن يكون قوله: "ملكا تاما"، احترازا عن البيع قبل القبض حيث لا زكاة فيه؛ لأن ملكه لم يتم، ولهذا لا يجوز تصرفه فيه، والملك: عبارة عن مطلق التصرف فيكون الملك فيه ناقصا، فلا يلزم عليه مال ابن السبيل؛ لأن يده ثابتة.
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