Question Summary:
Nikah is best conducted in a masjid. However women are not allowed to enter masjid during mensuration. What is the solution for it? When does fasting become compulsory and at what age?

Question Detail:

Nikah is best conducted in a masjid. However women are not allowed to enter masjid during mensuration. What is the solution for it? When does fasting become compulsory and at what age?

Answer :

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
Assalaamu `alaykum waRahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
1.  Women are prohibited to come to the masjid irrespective of them being in menses or not.  With modern technology, there could be various ways for people out of the masjid to listen to the nikah conducted in the masjid.  A simple example is, a person is in the haram of makka puts /switches on his mobile phone and his family anywhere in the world would listen to the imam in the Haram.
2.  Fasting is compulsory upon every sane and mature muslim who witness’s the month of Ramadan.
 Al-Ikhtiyar-Li-Taleel-Mukhtar, Vol.1. Pg.180.Dar-Al-Qalam)                          
  صوم رمضان فريضة على كل مسلم عاقل بالغ أداءً وقضاءً،
a)   According to shariah a boy becomes mature in the following instances;
1)  From the time he experiences his first wet dream.
2)  Ejaculation of sperm by any other means, or
3)  Alternatively when he reaches the age of fifteen.
b)  A girl reaches the age of puberty in the following instances;
1)  When she experiences her first menses, or wet dream.
2)  Becomes pregnant, or
3)  Alternatively when she reaches the age of fifteen.
(Rad Al Mutar, Vol.6. Pg.153-154. H.M Saeed)
                                                                 
 ( بُلُوغُ الْغُلَامِ بِالِاحْتِلَامِ وَالْإِحْبَالِ وَالْإِنْزَالِ ) وَالْأَصْلُ هُوَ الْإِنْزَالُ ( وَالْجَارِيَةِ بِالِاحْتِلَامِ وَالْحَيْضِ وَالْحَبَلِ ) وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ الْإِنْزَالَ صَرِيحًا لِأَنَّهُ قَلَّمَا يُعْلَمُ مِنْهَا ( فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ فِيهِمَا( شَيْءٌ ( فَحَتَّى يَتِمَّ لِكُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً بِهِ يُفْتَى ) لِقِصَرِ أَعْمَارِ أَهْلِ زَمَانِنَا.
And Allah knows best
Wassalam
Ml. Safraz Mohammed,
Student Darul Iftaa
Checked and Approved by:
Mufti Ebrahim Desai
Darul Iftaa, Madrassah In'aamiyyah