Question Summary:
Has Hiba Taken Place in the following scenario? Question Detail:
Please could you advise on validity of hiba (gifting) in following case,
Hiba (gifting) of a property was done by the father to the son. However the property gifted was the main residence of the father and after gifting the father continued to live as normal, with their personal belongings, at the gifted property with their second wife and children until their death.
Is the aforementioned hiba valid? Is the property now the sole right of the son or will it be distributed amongst all heirs including any children from first marriage.
Also will any money left in bank accounts of the father go to all inheritors or is one son's claim valid that the money was for him only. The account remained in the father's name and there is no documentation supporting the son's claim.
Answer :
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
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• The Shariah ruling herein given is based specifically on the question posed and should be read in conjunction with the question.
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DISCLAIMER
According to Shariah, a hiba (gift) is only complete and valid if the gifter forfeits his rights over the gifted item[1][2][3][4].Furthermore the gifted should take physical possession of the gifted item[5][6][7][8][9][10]
In the enquired situation, if the son did not take physical possession of the house and the father continues to stay in the house with all his belongings, without any difference or change from his previous occupation of the house, then the gift is invalid. Accordingly, the house forms part of the estate and will have to be divided according to the Shariah laws of Inheritance and Succession.
However, if the two conditions were fulfilled and the father occupied the house with a completely separate and independent arrangement after gifting the house, then we require more details of such an arrangement.
If there is dispute among the heirs, we advise the concerned parties to have the matter mediated or arbitrated.
However, we still commend you for having the concern and asking the Darul Iftaa.
And Allah knows best.
Imran
Student Darul Iftaa
Zambia
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (5/ 690) [1]
(وتتم) الهبة (بالقبض) الكامل (ولو الموهوب شاغلا لملك الواهب لا مشغولا به) والأصل أن الموهوب إن مشغولا بملك الواهب منع تمامها،وإن شاغلا لا، فلو وهب جرابا فيه طعام الواهب أو دارا فيها متاعه، أو دابة عليها سرجه وسلمها كذلك لا تصح
الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (5/ 691) [2]
فإن كان الموهوب مشغولا بحق الواهب لم يجز، كما إذا وهب السرج على الدابة، لأن استعمال السرج إنما يكون للدابة فكانت للواهب عليه يد مستعملة، فتوجب نقصانا في القبض، وإن لم يكن مشغولا جاز كما إذا وهب دابة مسرجة دون سرجها لأن الدابة تستعمل بدونه، ولو وهب الحمل عليها دونها جاز؛ لأن الحمل غير مستعمل بالدابة، ولو وهب دارا دون ما فيها من متاعه لم يجز،
الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (5/ 688) [3]
شرائط صحتها (في الموهوب أن يكون مقبوضا غير مشاع مميزا غير مشغول)
النتف في الفتاوى للسغدي (1/ 512) [4]
شَرَائِط الْهِبَة قَالَ وَالْهِبَة لَا تصح الا بِخمْس شَرَائِط ان تكون مَعْلُومَة وان تكون محوزة وان تكون مفروغة
النتف في الفتاوى للسغدي (1/ 512) [5]
وان تكون مَقْبُوضَة عِنْد الْفُقَهَاء
الفتاوى الهندية (34/ 282) [6]
وَمِنْهَا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَوْهُوبُ مَقْبُوضًا حَتَّى لَا يَثْبُتَ الْمِلْكُ لِلْمَوْهُوبِ لَهُ قَبْلَ الْقَبْضِ وَأَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَوْهُوبُ مَقْسُومًا إذَا كَانَ مِمَّا يَحْتَمِلُ الْقِسْمَةَ وَأَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَوْهُوبُ مُتَمَيِّزًا عَنْ غَيْرِ الْمَوْهُوبِ وَلَا يَكُونُ مُتَّصِلًا وَلَا مَشْغُولًا بِغَيْرِ الْمَوْهُوبِ حَتَّى لَوْ وَهَبَ أَرْضًا فِيهَا زَرْعٌ لِلْوَاهِبِ دُونَ الزَّرْعِ ، أَوْ عَكْسُهُ أَوْ نَخْلًا فِيهَا ثَمَرَةٌ لِلْوَاهِبِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِهِ دُونَ الثَّمَرَةِ ، أَوْ عَكْسُهُ لَا تَجُوزُ ، وَكَذَا لَوْ وَهَبَ دَارًا أَوْ ظَرْفًا فِيهَا مَتَاعٌ لِلْوَاهِبِ
بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (5/ 148) [7]
لأن معنى القبض هو التمكين، والتخلي، وارتفاع الموانع عرفا وعادة حقيقة
[8] Fatawa Darululoom Zakariyya Pg.587 Vol 5 ZamZam Publishers
[9] Islam Aur Jadid Ma’ashiy Masail Pg.98 Vol2 Idaratul Islamiyaat
[10] Ahsanul Fatawa Pg. 262 Vol. 7 HM Saeed
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