Question Summary:
Please explain how we can calculate amount of Sadqah-e-Fitar (Fitrah before Eid Salah) Question Detail:
Please explain how we can calculate amount of Sadqah-e-Fitar (Fitrah before Eid Salah) If
a) In case of Saudi Arabia and using wheat flour of SR 4 / kg as a general food.
b) In case of India and using wheat flour of Rs.15 / kg as a general food.
c) If I realize later on that the amount which I paid was less than actual, how we can compensate.
d) If I could not got any miskin (Poor people) in the night before Eid day, then what we have to do.
Answer :
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
Assalaamu `alaykum waRahmatullahi Wabarakatoh
At the outset, we wish to clarify that the actual ruling of Sadaqat al-fitr according to the Hanafi mazhab is that one could either give out ½ sa' (صاع) of wheat, or 1 sa' of dates, barley or raisins. It will also be permissible give out the prevalent value of any of the abovementioned in cash. If one wishes to give out items besides the abovementioned, then he will have to give out an amount equal to the value of the abovementioned. For example, if one wishes to give out rice, he should give out rice equivalent to the value of ½ sa' of wheat, etc.
وهي نصف صاع من بر أو دقيقه أو سويقه، أو صاع تمر أو زبيب، أو شعير
(Maraqi al-Falah ma’a Hashiyat al-Tahtawi Pg.724 – Darul Kutub Al ‘Ilmiyyah)
However, there is a difference of opinion amongst the temporary scholars in regards to the measure of sa' and ½ sa' according to modern day metric units. The most common view amongst them is that ½ sa' is equal to 1.875 Kg.
(Jawahir al-Fiqh Vol.1 Pg.424 – Maktabah Darul Uloom Karachi)
(Kifayat al-Mufti Vol.4 Pg.291 – Maktabah Haqqaniyyah)
(Imdad al-Ahkam Vol.2 Pg.42 – Maktabah Darul Uloom Karachi)
(Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband Vol.6 Pg.304 – Darul Isha’at)
Mufti Rasheed Ludhyanwi Saheb (Rahimahullah) explains that the correct weight equivalent to ½ sa' according to his research is 2.32 kg.
(Ahsan al-Fatawa Vol.4 Pg.416 – H.M. Sa'eed Company)
Mawlana Ashraf ‘Ali Thanwi (Rahimahullah) mentions that there is no harm in following any of the weights mentioned by reliable ‘Ulama; whilst Mufti Mahmood Saheb (Rahimahullah) has mentioned that precaution is in applying the highest weight.
(Imdad al-Fatawa Vol.2 Pg.84 - Maktabah Darul Uloom Karachi)
(Fatawa Mahmoodiyah Vol.9 Pg.621 – Jami’ah Farooqiyah)
Therefore, it will be correct to follow the view of 1.875 Kg whilst precaution is in following the view of 2.32 Kg.
On the premise that we take the view of 2.32 Kg, the answers to your questions will be as follows:
a) One could either give out 2.32 Kg of wheat; or the price of 2.32 Kg of wheat, which, as per the information provided, will be SR 9.28; or give out any other item (besides wheat, dates, barley and raisins) which amounts to SR 9.28 (e.g. give out rice to the value of SR 9.28)
b) One could either give out 2.32 Kg of wheat; or the price of 2.32 Kg of wheat, which, as per the information provided, will be Rs 34.8; or give out any other item (besides wheat, dates, barley and raisins) which amounts to Rs 34.8 (e.g. give out rice to the value of Rs 34.8).
If one wishes to follow the view of 1.875 Kg, he should calculate sadaqat al-fitr in the method explained above. Furthermore, it is not necessary to follow the abovementioned measurements to the exact decimal, and it is preferable to always give out more than the amount due.
c) It will be permissible for you to give out the remainder of the amount whenever you realize that you had given out less than the amount due, even if you realize a few days or few months after the day of Eid.
d) The most preferable time to give out sadaqat al-fitr is on the day of Eid after Fajr salah, before Eid salah. However, if anyone fails to give it out at that time, it will be permissible to give it out any time, preferably on the day of Eid or even after the day of Eid. Once sadaqat al-fitr becomes obligatory upon a person, he willnot be absolved of his obligation until he has given it out; hence, it is advisable to give it out as quickly as possible.
( وصح ) أداء الفطرة ( لو قدم ) الأداء على وقت الوجوب ... ( أو أخر ) عن وقته ولم تسقط فعليه إخراجها ؛ لأن وجه القربة فيها معقول وهو سد خلة المحتاج فلا يتقدر وقت الأداء فيها بخلاف الأضحية ...
( وندب تعجيلها ) والمراد أداؤها قبل الخروج إلى المصلى لقوله صلى الله عليه وسلم أغنوهم عن المسألة في مثل هذا اليوم ، فإنه يدل بإشارته على أن الأولى أداؤها قبل الخروج إلى المصلى ليستغني الفقير عن السؤال ويحضر المصلى فارغ البال من نفقة الأهل والعيال
(Durar al-Hukkam Vol.1 Pg.195)
ويستحب إخراجها قبل الخروج إلى المصلى بعد طلوع فجر الفطر ) عملا بأمره وفعله عليه الصلاة والسلام. (وصح أداؤها إذا قدمه على يوم الفطر أو أخره ) اعتبارا بالزكاة والسبب موجود إذ هو الرأس
(Rad al-Muhtar Vol.2 Pg.367 – H.M. Sa'eed Company)
(Fatawa Raheemiyah Vol.7 Pg.201 – Darul Isha’at)
And Allah knows best
Wassalam
Ml. Abu Yahya,
Student Darul Iftaa
Checked and Approved by:
Mufti Ebrahim Desai
Darul Iftaa, Madrassah In'aamiyyah
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