Question Summary:
Can I borrow money from one of my non-muslim friends?

Question Detail:

I have one non-muslim friend who is doctor by profession. He is a goverment doctor, he has been doing this job for the last 10years. He did bachelors degree, M.B.B.S before joining this job. As part of service, the goverment offered him to complete masters degree(M.D.). During those 3 years of MD course he was given full salary with out any service. But he had to sign a bond to the government that says he should not leave this goverment job for 10 years after completion of M.D, If he leaves the job he has to pay 25 lacks Indian Rupees. Now he did complete the the MD course.
 
His normal government job working hours are 9.30AM to 2.30 PM everyday except Sunday. Nine other doctors having MD degrees (each doctor is specialist in seperate catogory) work along with him, every day during these hours.All these doctors give consultaion services to the patients(these patients are employess of govenrment/private industries) in their own specialities. And some other doctors cover the remaining hours in the day so that at least one doctor is present 24hours of any day.The duties during the odd hours are to be done on rotation basis by all the doctors.
 
After completion of MD , my friend intentionally got transfered to a city where in the following unofficial adjustment is existing. All the doctors in the hospital, come to a common understanding that each of them work for 24 hours continuosly for one day in a week (i.e. One doctor works on Monday and the other doctor works on tuesday and so on). In this way my friend works only one day for 24hours instead of 5 hrs eveyday, in a week. They arranged the consultaion services to the patients two days(instead of 6 days) in a week . As the workload is less in this job my friend generally sleeps in the night during this 24 hours working time. This arrangement is known to his superintendant. Because of this arrangement the doctors have to do some undue favors (such as accepting employees' fake medical claims etc) to the patients so that they do not raise their voices against these doctors.
 
My friend joined in a private hospital (using MD degree) for the rest of the 6 days in some other city. As per the government job rules, he can do private job during out of office hours. He earns more in private hospital compared to government job.
 
My questions are (1). Is his government job income halal?
 
(2).Is his private job income halal, because he is doing this job using the MD degree (that he got with the help of government during his government job) and to do this job he is avoiding regular governement job duties.
 
(3).Some times,even for one day work in a week, he arranges some other doctor (who is less qualified) in the goverment hospital in his place and gives some salary to him, ofcourse it is very less compared to the salary he gets. In this case, Is his government job salary halal?
 
(4).Can I borrow money from him?
 

Answer :

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
The doctor in reference is a non-Muslim. Without reference to his money being halāl or harām, in general, an employee is bound by his contractual agreement; he cannot make unilateral changes to the contract. However, you may borrow money from the non-Muslim doctor.
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Hisham Dawood
Student, Darul Iftaa
Chicago, USA
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
www.daruliftaa.net