Question Summary:
I would like to know that if we read Quran and ask Allah to send sawab to all Muslims and my relatives including my parents who are no more, will the sawab only go to my parents or to all the rest too ?

Question Detail:

I would like to know that if we read Quran and ask Allah to send sawab to all Muslims and my relatives including my parents who are no more, will the sawab only go to my parents or to all the rest too ?

Answer :

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
Assalaamu `alaykum waRahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
There are three aspects worthy of being discussed:
1) The permissibility of sending Thawab (reward) to another person.
2) Can the Thawab be sent to the living or only to the deceased?
3) How many persons can the Thawab be sent to?
1) In principle, it is permissible to send the Thawab of any action done to another person, whether it is in the form of Salaah, Fast, charity or recitation of the Holy Qur’aan etc.
والأصل فيه أن الإنسان له أن يجعل ثواب عمله لغيره صلاة أو صوما أو صدقة أو قراءة قرآن أو ذكرا أو طوافا أو حجا أو عمرة أو غير ذلك عند أصحابنا للكتاب والسنة
(Al-Bahrur Ra’iq vol.3 pg59, Rashidiyya)
 (Raddul Muhtaar vol..2 pg243, HM Saeed)
 (Fatawa Tatar-khaniya vol.2 pg545,Idaratul Quraan)
(Fatawa Mahmoodiyya vol.9 pg236)
Rasulullah (salallahu alaihi wasallam) slaughtered two rams, when he (salallahu aalaihi wasallam) slaughtered the first one he said, O Allah! This is on behalf of my entire Ummah, those who believe in your oneness and testify that I have conveyed the message; thereafter he (salallahu alaihi wasallam) slaughtered the other one on behalf of himself and his family. (Musnad Ahmed vol.18 pg465, Darul Hadeeth)
Hazrat Ubadah bin Saamit (radiyallahu anhu) was out when his mother passed away. He asked the prophet (sallalahu alaihi wasallam) “My mother passed away in my absence, will it benefit her if I give charity on her behalf”?  Nabi (sallalahu alaihi wasallam) said “yes”. He then gave his one orchard in charity on her behalf. (Bukhari Shareef, Hadeeth 2756)
2) It is not restricted to send Thawab only to the deceased. It is also permissible to send Thawab to a living person.
فإن من صام أو صلى أو تصدق وجعل ثوابه لغيره من الأموات والأحياء جاز ويصل ثوابها إليهم عند أهل السنة والجماعة
 كذا في البدائع وبهذا علم أنه لا فرق بين أن يكون المجعول له ميتا أو حيا
(Al-Bahrur Ra’iq vol.3 pg59, Rashidiyya)
 
3) The Thawab can be sent to many people. Each person will receive the Thawab without any Thawab being decreased from the person sending it. In fact, it will be preferable for him to intend as many people as possible.
الأفضل لمن يتصدق نفلا أن ينوي لجميع المؤمنين والمؤمنات لأنها تصل إليهم ولا ينقص من أجره شيء
(Fatawa Tatar-khaniya vol.2 pg319)
(Raddul Muhtaar vol.2 pg243,HM Saeed)
 
And Allah knows best
Wassalam u Alaikum
Ml. Rayhaan Docrat,
Student Darul Iftaa
Checked and Approved by:
Mufti Ebrahim Desai
Darul Iftaa, Madrassah In'aamiyyah

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