Question Summary:
Beliefs Of The Ibādhi Sect That Resides In Oman Question Detail:
I am Hanfi and follow Ulama of Deoband.In near future I want to settle in Oman. I have heard that the majority of population of Oman follows Ibadi Mazhab and the Ibadi Mazhab is different from both the Mazhab of Ahle Sunat Wal Jamat and Shia Mazhab. Further I have read that Ibadi sect is a branch or sub division of Khawarij. My questions are as follows:
Can I follow my Salaat in the imamat of a Ibadi ?
Are Ibadi Muslims or Non Muslims?
Can a Muslim build relations with Ibadies?
Answer :
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
The Ibādhī sect is attributed to Abdullāh bin Ibādh, who passed away in the year 86 A.H. He was a contemporary of Muāwiyah Radhiyallāhu Anhu.[1]
The Ibādhī sect is a denomination of the Khawārj[2], a sect that rebelled against Hadhrat Ali Radhiyallāhu Anhu.[3] The Ibādhi denomination contradicts the Ahl as-Sunnah wal-Jamā’ah in various aspects of Aqīdah and beliefs.[4] They are a sect that is deviated from the straight path. Hereunder are some of the incorrect beliefs of the Ibādhī sect:
They believe that the believers will not see Allāh Ta’ālā in Jannah.[5]
They regard those who oppose the Ibādhī sect from among the Muslims as Kuffār, but not Mushrikīn (polytheists).[6]
They claim that Hadhrat Ali Radhiyallāhu Anhu and many of his associates were disbelievers.[7]
In Oman, there is a large population of followers of the Ibādhī sect. We are not aware of the exact beliefs of present-day Ibādhis. However, it is very likely that the present-day Ibādhis that reside in Oman hold the same beliefs that were held by initial Ibādhīs.
If this is so, then the following answers to your queries regarding the Ibādhīs will apply:
One should not perform Salāh behind an Imām who is a follower of the Ibādhī sect.[8]
The Ibādhī sect is a deviated sect. They have beliefs contrary to the Aqīdah of the Ahl as-Sunnah wal-Jamā’ah. Nevertheless, it is not correct to label the Ibādhīs as non-muslims.[9]
One should not have a loving and friendly relationship with the Ibādhīs.[10] This is due to their deviation. However, one should associate with them for Da’wah purposes on condition that one’s own Dīn is not in danger. It is also permissible to associate with them for business purposes.
Hadhrat Mufti Rashid Ahmed Ludhyānwī Saheb Rahimahullāh was asked regarding the present-day Ibādhīs. The translation of Hadhrat’s reply is reproduced hereunder:
“What are the exact beliefs of the Ibādhī sect that resides in Muscat? We do not have knowledge regarding their beliefs. A conclusive decision regarding the Ibādhīs may only be made once their true beliefs are presented.
Nevertheless, the sect that is attributed to Abdullah bin Ibādh and is a denomination of the Khawārj, their beliefs are found in our books. If the sect residing in Muscat is the same sect, or has the same type of beliefs, then Salāh behind them is not valid. Hence, one should not follow them in Salāh.” (Ahsanul Fatawaa, Vol. 1, page 198, Saeed)
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Abdul Azīm bin Abdur Rahman,
Student Darul Iftaa
U.S.A.
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
[1] دراسة فى تاريخ الإباضية وعقيدتها، ص 6، دار الفضيلة
[2] دراسة فى تاريخ الإباضية وعقيدتها، ص 5، دار الفضيلة
احسن الفتاوى، ج 1، ص198، سعيد
[3] (قَوْلُهُ: وَخَوَارِجُ وَهُمْ قَوْمٌ إلَخْ) الظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ تَعْرِيفُ الْخَوَارِجِ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا عَلَى عَلِيٍّ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ (رد المحتار، ج 4، ص 262، سعيد)
[4] الفتاوى الكاملية، ص 3، مكتبة القدس
دراسة فى تاريخ الإباضية وعقيدتها، ص 10، دار الفضيلة
[5] ينكرون رؤية الله فى الجنة للمؤمنين محتجين بقوله تعالى: (لا تدركه الأبصار) (دراسة فى تاريخ الإباضية وعقيدتها، ص 10، دار الفضيلة)
[6] انهم قالوا: مخالفونا من اهل القبلة كفار غير مشركين تجوز مناكحتهم (الفتاوى الكاملية، ص 3، المكتبة الحقانية)
[7] وكفروا عليا واكثر اصحابه (الفتاوى الكاملية، ص 3، المكتبة الحقانية)
[8] (وَيُكْرَهُ) تَنْزِيهًا (إمَامَةُ عَبْدٍ) وَلَوْ مُعْتَقًا قُهُسْتَانِيٌّ. عَنْ الْخُلَاصَةِ، وَلَعَلَّهُ لِمَا قَدَّمْنَاهُ مِنْ تَقَدُّمِ الْحَرِّ الْأَصْلِيِّ، إذْ الْكَرَاهَةُ تَنْزِيهِيَّةٌ فَتَنَبَّهْ (وَأَعْرَابِيٌّ) وَمِثْلُهُ تُرْكُمَانٌ وَأَكْرَادٌ وَعَامِّيٌّ (وَفَاسِقٌ وَأَعْمَى) وَنَحْوُهُ الْأَعْشَى نَهْرٌ (إلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ) أَيْ غَيْرُ الْفَاسِقِ (أَعْلَمَ الْقَوْمِ) فَهُوَ أَوْلَى (وَمُبْتَدِعٌ) أَيْ صَاحِبُ بِدْعَةٍ وَهِيَ اعْتِقَادُ خِلَافِ الْمَعْرُوفِ عَنْ الرَّسُولِ لَا بِمُعَانَدَةٍ بَلْ بِنَوْعِ شُبْهَةٍ وَكُلُّ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ قِبْلَتِنَا (لَا يَكْفُرُ بِهَا) حَتَّى الْخَوَارِجُ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَحِلُّونَ دِمَاءَنَا وَأَمْوَالَنَا وَسَبَّ الرَّسُولِ، وَيُنْكِرُونَ صِفَاتِهِ تَعَالَى وَجَوَازَ رُؤْيَتِهِ لِكَوْنِهِ عَنْ تَأْوِيلٍ وَشُبْهَةٍ بِدَلِيلِ قَبُولِ شَهَادَتِهِمْ، إلَّا الْخَطَّابِيَّةِ وَمِنَّا مَنْ كَفَّرَهُمْ (الدر المختار، ج 1، ص 559-561، سعيد)
قال ابن عابدين:
(قَوْلُهُ حَتَّى الْخَوَارِجُ) أَرَادَ بِهِمْ مَنْ خَرَجَ عَنْ مُعْتَقَدِ أَهْلِ الْحَقِّ لَا خُصُوصَ الْفِرْقَةِ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا عَلَى الْإِمَامِ عَلِيٍّ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ - وَكَفَّرُوهُ، فَيَشْمَلُ الْمُعْتَزِلَةَ وَالشِّيعَةَ وَغَيْرَهُمْ (قَوْلُهُ وَسَبَّ الرَّسُولِ) هَكَذَا فِي غَالِبِ النُّسَخِ، وَرَأَيْته كَذَلِكَ فِي الْخَزَائِنِ بِخَطِّ الشَّارِحِ، وَفِيهِ أَنَّ سَابَّ الرَّسُولِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَافِرٌ قَطْعًا، فَالصَّوَابُ وَسَبَّ أَصْحَابِ الرَّسُولِ، وَقَيَّدَهُمْ الْمُحَشِّي بِغَيْرِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ لِمَا سَيَأْتِي فِي بَابِ الْمُرْتَدِّ أَنَّ سَابَّهُمَا أَوْ أَحَدِهِمَا كَافِرٌ. (رد المحتار، ج 1، ص 561، سعيد)
احسن الفتاوى، ج 1، ص 198، سعيد)
[9] (قَوْلُهُ: كَمَا حَقَّقَهُ فِي الْفَتْحِ) حَيْثُ قَالَ: وَحُكْمُ الْخَوَارِجِ عِنْدَ جُمْهُورِ الْفُقَهَاءِ وَالْمُحَدِّثِينَ حُكْمُ الْبُغَاةِ. وَذَهَبَ بَعْضُ الْمُحَدِّثِينَ إلَى كُفْرِهِمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا وَافَقَ أَهْلَ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى تَكْفِيرِهِمْ، وَهَذَا يَقْتَضِي نَقْلَ إجْمَاعِ الْفُقَهَاءِ. (رد المحتار، ج 4، ص 262، سعيد)
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