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Question Summary:
1) Using false certificates to secure a job. 2) Buying prize bonds. 3) Using money earned unlawfully.

Question Detail:

1) I went to my friend's franchise for one month and learn their accounting practices and he gave me one year experience certificate, likewise I went to a small NGO and learn their Admin and Finance practices in one month and they gave me 6 months experience certificate, currently I am Trainee at one CA firm but as I have learned the job of a trainee of a CA firm hence I got one year experience certificate from another CA firm through my sources, now that I know how all these jobs are done. Will all these experience certificates still count as deception and from Shariah point of view what will be the status of the job and salaries that I get on the basis of these certificates?
2) Is is permissible to buy and retain prize bonds when one is under debts and he/she expects that he/she will get prize from the Bond draw and will pay his debts eventually and he/she intends that he/she will not use the prize other than to pay his/her debts?
3) Being trainee at a CA firm I have very limited number of paid leaves and I am often required to travel to my country for 2-3 days for urgent family matters. On most occassions I do not submit my leave application to HR although I get it signed from my managers. Hence I get away with this and get my salary in full as no one know that I have not submitted application and they consider my leave as paid. From Shariah point of view it is deception and what is the status of salary that I get for those days that I have actually absented. If it is not permissible what will be the status I take my immediate senior in confidence before going on such leaves?

Answer :

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
1)     Islam advocates strict adherence to its dictates in every facet of life. It is not merely a religion but a comprehensive code of conduct. Whilst it accommodates the acquisition of the worldly needs of people, it stringently regulates the means and methods employed in doing so. Securing a job and earning halāl money is by all means permissible, however, every step and procedure in doing so should reflect the noble teachings of Shari’ah.
Your acquisition of false certificates was a severe violation of honesty and trust[1]. There are severe warnings in the Hadīth against deception. Rasulullah Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam said:
مَنْ غَشَّنَا فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا[2]
“The one who deceives is not on our path.”
You should be remorseful over your actions and make abundant Tawbāh and Istighfār.
As far as your earnings are concerned, your income is Halāl.[3]
2)     The buying and selling of prize bonds constitutes Ribā (Interest) in the form of the prize won from the bond draw. Therefore, it will not be permissible to buy such bonds.[4] Further, it will not be permissible to use prizes obtained from such bonds for any personal benefit even if it be for paying off debts. Such prizes should be given away as charity without any intention of reward.[5]
3)     You are entitled to a wage in proportion to the number of days you work unless your employer states that he will pay you during your leave period. Therefore, it will not be permissible for you to take the wages for those days that you have not reported to work over and above the paid leave days.[6] Therefore, it is your duty to return the proportionate amount of money to your employer.  
 
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Nabeel Valli
Student Darul Iftaa
Zambia

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

www.daruliftaa.net


[1]    حَدَّثَنَا بَدَلُ بْنُ المُحَبَّرِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الخَلِيلِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الحَارِثِ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: " البَيِّعَانِ بِالخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، -أَوْ قَالَ: حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقَا -فَإِنْ صَدَقَا وَبَيَّنَا بُورِكَ لَهُمَا فِي بَيْعِهِمَا، وَإِنْ كَتَمَا وَكَذَبَا مُحِقَتْ بَرَكَةُ بَيْعِهِمَا " [صحيح البخاري (3/ 59)]

  أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ الْغَادِرَ يَقُومُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُنْصَبُ لَهُ لِوَاءٌ، فَيُقَالُ: هَذِهِ غُدْرَةُ فُلَانٍ " [موطأ مالك رواية محمد بن الحسن الشيباني (ص: 343)]

 

[2]  (صحيح مسلم ، ج 1 ، ص 392 ، دار ابن رجب )

[3]    وَتَلْزَمُ الْأُجْرَةُ فِي الصُّورَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مَتَى قَامَ الْأَجِيرُ بِالْعَمَلِ وَأَتَمَّهُ . وَلَا تَلْزَمُهُ فِيهَا الْأُجْرَةُ بِبَعْضِ الْعَمَلِ بِنِسْبَتِهِ كَمَا فِي الصُّورَةِ الْأُولَى ; لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُمْكِنُ الِانْتِفَاعُ بِبَعْضِ الْعَمَلِ . مَثَلًا : إذَا خَاطَ الْأَجِيرُ الَّذِي هُوَ الْخَيَّاطُ الثِّيَابَ كَامِلَةً فِي بَيْتِ الْمُسْتَأْجِرِ وَفَرَغَ مِنْ الْعَمَلِ أَخَذَ الْأَجْرَ الْمُسَمَّى وَلَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ الْأُجْرَةِ فِيمَا لَوْ خَاطَ بَعْضَ أَجْزَاءِ الثِّيَابِ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُنْتَفَعُ بِالثِّيَابِ بِخِيَاطَةِ بَعْضِ أَجْزَائِهَا . أَمَّا إذَا قَامَ الْأَجِيرُ بِالْعَمَلِ فِي غَيْرِ دَارِ الْمُسْتَأْجِرِ فَلَا تَلْزَمُ فِي هَذِهِ الصُّورَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ أُجْرَةُ بَعْضِ الْعَمَلِ بِحِسَابِهِ . وَقَدْ اُخْتُلِفَ فِيمَا إذَا قَامَ الْأَجِيرُ بِالْعَمَلِ فِي بَيْتِ الْمُسْتَأْجِرِ فَبَعْضُ الْفُقَهَاءِ قَالَ بِعَدَمِ لُزُومِ الْأُجْرَةِ بِنِسْبَةِ الْعَمَلِ وَبَعْضُهُمْ قَالَ بِلُزُومِهَا . وَقَدْ قَبِلَتْ الْخَانِيَّةُ الْقَوْلَ الثَّانِيَ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ جُزْءٍ مِنْ الْعَمَلِ يَصِيرُ مُسَلَّمًا إلَى صَاحِبِ الثَّوْبِ بِالْفَرَاغِ وَلَا يَتَوَقَّفُ التَّسْلِيمُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْجُزْءِ عَلَى حُصُولِ كَمَالِ الْمَقْصُودِ . وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ لَوْ اسْتَأْجَرَ شَخْصٌ خَيَّاطًا لِيَخِيطَ لَهُ ثَوْبًا فِي بَيْتِهِ أَيْ فِي بَيْتِ الْمُسْتَأْجِرِ وَبَعْدَ أَنْ خَاطَ بَعْضَهُ سُرِقَ الثَّوْبُ فَلَهُ أَخْذُ أُجْرَةِ الْبَعْضِ الَّذِي خَاطَهُ ( الْكِفَايَةُ ) . نَعَمْ , لَوْ سُرِقَ بَعْدَ مَا خَاطَ بَعْضَهُ أَوْ انْهَدَمَ بِنَاؤُهُ أَيْ قَبْلَ الْفَرَاغِ مِنْ بِنَائِهِ فَلَهُ الْأَجْرُ بِحِسَابِهِ عَلَى الْمَذْهَبِ ( الدُّرُّ الْمُخْتَارُ , وَرَدُّ الْمُحْتَارِ ) كَذَلِكَ لَوْ اسْتَأْجَرَ إنْسَانًا لِيَبْنِيَ لَهُ حَائِطًا فَبَنَى بَعْضَهُ ثُمَّ انْهَدَمَ فَلَهُ أَجْرُ مَا بَنَى فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَسْتَحِقُّ الْأُجْرَةَ بِبَعْضِ الْعَمَلِ إلَّا أَنَّهُ يُشْتَرَطُ فِيهِ التَّسْلِيمُ إلَى الْمُسْتَأْجِرِ ( الطُّورِيُّ ) . إذَا اسْتَأْجَرَ شَخْصٌ عَامِلًا مِمَّنْ لِعَمَلِهِمْ أَثَرٌ كَالْخَيَّاطِ وَفَرَغَ مِنْ الْعَمَلِ أَيْ أَنَّهُ خَاطَ الثَّوْبَ وَسَلَّمَهُ إلَى الْمُسْتَأْجِرِ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ الْأَجْرَ الْمُسَمَّى إلَّا أَنَّهُ بِتَلَفِ الْمُسْتَأْجَرِ فِيهِ بِيَدِ أَمْثَالِ هَؤُلَاءِ تَسْقُطُ الْأُجْرَةُ . اُنْظُرْ الْمَادَّةَ ( 482 ) ( الدُّرَرُ وَالْغُرَرُ ) . أَمَّا الْعُمَّالُ الَّذِينَ لَيْسَ لِعَمَلِهِمْ أَثَرٌ كَالْحَمَّالِ فَيَسْتَحِقُّونَ الْأَجْرَ بِمُجَرَّدِ الْفَرَاغِ مِنْ الْعَمَلِ وَلَوْ لَمْ يُسَلَّمْ الْمُسْتَأْجَرُ فِيهِ إلَى الْمُسْتَأْجِرِ ( الدُّرُّ الْمُخْتَارُ )  (درر الحكام شرح مجلة الأحكام، ج 1، ص 491-492، دار الكتب العلمية)

فتاوي حقانية، ج 6، ص 247

كتاب الفتاوي، ج 5، ص 395-397، زمزم

[4]    (وَأَمَّا) الَّذِي يَرْجِعُ إلَى نَفْسِ الْقَرْضِ: فَهُوَ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ فِيهِ جَرُّ مَنْفَعَةٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَجُزْ، نَحْوُ مَا إذَا أَقْرَضَهُ دَرَاهِمَ غَلَّةٍ، عَلَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ صِحَاحًا، أَوْ أَقْرَضَهُ وَشَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَهُ فِيهِ مَنْفَعَةٌ؛ لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنَّهُ «نَهَى عَنْ قَرْضٍ جَرَّ نَفْعًا» ؛ وَلِأَنَّ الزِّيَادَةَ الْمَشْرُوطَةَ تُشْبِهُ الرِّبَا؛ لِأَنَّهَا فَضْلٌ لَا يُقَابِلُهُ عِوَضٌ، وَالتَّحَرُّزُ عَنْ حَقِيقَةِ الرِّبَا، وَعَنْ شُبْهَةِ الرِّبَا وَاجِبٌ [بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (10/ 597) العلمية]

[5]    آپ کےمسائل ، ج ۶ ،  ص ۲۳۳  (مکتبہ لدھیانوی)

[6]    والأجرة لا تستحق عندنا إلا بأحد ثلاثة معان: إما بشرط التعجيل أو بالتعجيل من غير شرط أو باستيفاء المنافع (شرح مختصر الطحاوي، ج3، ص 387، دار البشائر الإسلامية)

وإذا وَقعت على وَقت مَعْلُوم فَتجب الأجرة بِمُضِيِّ الْوَقْت إن هُوَ اسْتَعْملهُ أو لم يَسْتَعْمِلهُ وبمقدار مَا مضى من الْوَقْت تجب الأجرة [النتف في الفتاوى للسغدي (2/ 559)، العلمية]

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