Question Summary:
Is it permissible for an ‘Ālimah to record CDs of her lectures and distribute them to others? Question Detail:
Is it permisible for a women who is aalima to récord cds of her lectures and distribute it to others as they say that there is pardah of a women's voice and her ñame too but she gives exellent speeches from quran and hadees and people throughout have benefitted greatly but iam confused regarding many people's objection regarding the voice pardah.Please clarify.
Answer :
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
The stance of Sharī'ah in regards to such issues is that one should stay clear from any situation where there is a possibility of fitnah. Allah Ta'ālā says in Holy Qurān:
لَا تَخْضَعْنَ بِالْقَوْلِ فَيَطْمَعَ الَّذِي فِي قَلْبِهِ مَرَضٌ وَقُلْنَ قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا
Do not be too soft in your speech, lest someone having disease in his heart should develop fancies (about you); and do speak with appropriate words.[1]
In the verse above, women have been commanded to alter their voices in such a manner that if any man would hear her voice, he should not feel any attraction towards her. The rationale behind such a command is that no man or woman is ever free from the clutches of Shaytān; he is always plotting to trap them in any way possible and slowly lure their hearts towards each other until both of them commit acts of indecency. This unrelenting hold of the Shaytān on our nafs (soul) has been summarized by Rasulullah (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) in the following words:
إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَجْرِي مِنَ الإِنْسَانِ مَجْرَى الدَّمِ
Verily, Shaitān runs through a person like the running of blood (through veins).[2]
From this we can understand that our main objective is to stay clear of any form of fitnah, whether it is due to physical interaction, verbal communication, or even through auditory means.[3] Now that this point is clear, we shall answer your specific query in regards to the distribution of CDs with recordings of lectures given by a woman.
In principle, men are not allowed to listen to a non-mahram woman's voice[4] due to the fitnah that might arise in the future[5]. That is, unless there is a genuine need[6]. Women on the other hand are permitted to listen to each other's voices[7] as such a danger generally does not exist. Since the distribution of audio CDs and digital recordings are usually not under the control of the owner, especially in our day and age where technology is at its peak allowing mass distribution of data within seconds, making such recordings will hold the danger of fitnah if the recordings were to reach non-mahram male audiences.[8] Therefore, unless one can ensure that such recordings will remain restricted to female audiences only, it will not be feasible to record the 'ālimah's lectures even though it may hold an apparent benefit for others.
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Bilal Mohammad
Student Darul Iftaa
USA
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
www.daruliftaa.net
[2] Sahih al-Bukhārī, 3281, Chapter regarding the attributes of Iblīs and his army
[3] Kitabul Fatawa, v. 6 p. 98-99, Zam Zam Publishers
[4] Jami'ul Fatawa, v. 10 p. 327, Idarah Taleefat-e-Ashrafiyyah;
Fatawa Mahmudiyyah, v. 24 p. 338, Darul Iftaa, Jami'ah Faruqiyyah
[5] Imdadul Fatawa, v. 4 p. 197, Maktabah Darul 'Uloom Karachi;
[قال الحصكفي] وَصَوْتُهَا عَلَى الرَّاجِحِ وَذِرَاعَيْهَا عَلَى الْمَرْجُوحِ
[قال ابن عابدين] (قَوْلُهُ وَصَوْتِهَا) مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى الْمُسْتَثْنَى يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِعَوْرَةٍ ح (قَوْلُهُ عَلَى الرَّاجِحِ) عِبَارَةُ الْبَحْرِ عَنْ الْحِلْيَةِ أَنَّهُ الْأَشْبَهُ. وَفِي النَّهْرِ وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَنْبَغِي اعْتِمَادُهُ. وَمُقَابِلُهُ مَا فِي النَّوَازِلِ: نَغْمَةُ الْمَرْأَةِ عَوْرَةٌ، وَتَعَلُّمُهَا الْقُرْآنَ مِنْ الْمَرْأَةِ أَحَبُّ. قَالَ - عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ - «التَّسْبِيحُ لِلرِّجَالِ، وَالتَّصْفِيقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ» فَلَا يَحْسُنُ أَنْ يَسْمَعَهَا الرَّجُلُ. اهـ. وَفِي الْكَافِي: وَلَا تُلَبِّي جَهْرًا لِأَنَّ صَوْتَهَا عَوْرَةٌ، وَمَشَى عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمُحِيطِ فِي بَابِ الْأَذَانِ بَحْرٌ...وَكَذَا فِي الْإِمْدَادِ؛ ثُمَّ نَقَلَ عَنْ خَطِّ الْعَلَّامَةِ الْمَقْدِسِيَّ: ذَكَرَ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ فِي السَّمَاعِ: وَلَا يَظُنُّ مَنْ لَا فِطْنَةَ عِنْدَهُ أَنَّا إذَا قُلْنَا صَوْتُ الْمَرْأَةِ عَوْرَةٌ أَنَّا نُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ كَلَامَهَا، لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ بِصَحِيحٍ، فَإِذًا نُجِيزُ الْكَلَامَ مَعَ النِّسَاءِ لِلْأَجَانِبِ وَمُحَاوَرَتِهِنَّ عِنْدَ الْحَاجَةِ إلَى ذَلِكَ، وَلَا نُجِيزُ لَهُنَّ رَفْعَ أَصْوَاتِهِنَّ وَلَا تَمْطِيطَهَا وَلَا تَلْيِينَهَا وَتَقْطِيعَهَا لِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ اسْتِمَالَةِ الرِّجَالِ إلَيْهِنَّ وَتَحْرِيكِ الشَّهَوَاتِ مِنْهُمْ، وَمِنْ هَذَا لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ تُؤَذِّنَ الْمَرْأَةُ. اهـ. قُلْت: وَيُشِيرُ إلَى هَذَا تَعْبِيرُ النَّوَازِلِ بِالنَّغْمَةِ
(رد المحتار علي الدر المختار، ج ١، ص ٤٠٦، ايج ايم سعيد كمبني)
[قال ابن نجيم] وَفِي شَرْحِ الْمُنْيَةِ الْأَشْبَهُ أَنَّ صَوْتَهَا لَيْسَ بِعَوْرَةٍ، وَإِنَّمَا يُؤَدِّي إلَى الْفِتْنَةِ كَمَا عَلَّلَ بِهِ صَاحِبُ الْهِدَايَةِ وَغَيْرُهُ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ التَّلْبِيَةِ وَلَعَلَّهُنَّ إنَّمَا مُنِعْنَ مِنْ رَفْعِ الصَّوْتِ بِالتَّسْبِيحِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ لِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى وَلَا يَلْزَمُ مِنْ حُرْمَةِ رَفْعِ صَوْتِهَا بِحَضْرَةِ الْأَجَانِبِ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَوْرَةً كَمَا قَدَّمْنَاهُ وَفِي الظَّهِيرِيَّةِ الصَّغِيرَةُ جِدًّا لَا تَكُونُ عَوْرَةً وَلَا بَأْسَ بِالنَّظَرِ إلَيْهَا وَمِنْهَا وَفِي السِّرَاجِ الْوَهَّاجِ
[قال ابن عابدين] وَقَدْ يُقَالُ الْمُرَادُ بِالنَّغْمَةِ مَا فِيهِ تَمْطِيطٌ وَتَلْيِينٌ لَا مُجَرَّدُ الصَّوْتِ وَإِلَّا لَمَا جَازَ كَلَامُهَا مَعَ الرِّجَالِ أَصْلًا لَا فِي بَيْعٍ وَلَا غَيْرِهِ وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ وَلَمَّا كَانَتْ الْقِرَاءَةُ مَظِنَّةَ حُصُولِ النَّغْمَةِ مَعَهَا مُنِعَتْ مِنْ تَعَلُّمِهَا مِنْ الرَّجُلِ وَيَشْهَدُ لِمَا قُلْنَا مَا فِي إمْدَادِ الْفَتَّاحِ عَنْ خَطِّ شَيْخِهِ الْعَلَّامَةِ الْمَقْدِسِيَّ ذَكَرَ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ فِي السَّمَاعِ وَلَا يَظُنُّ مَنْ لَا فِطْنَةَ عِنْدَهُ أَنَّا إذَا قُلْنَا صَوْتُ الْمَرْأَةِ عَوْرَةٌ أَنَّا نُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ كَلَامَهَا؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ بِصَحِيحٍ فَإِنَّا نُجِيزُ الْكَلَامَ مَعَ النِّسَاءِ الْأَجَانِبِ وَمُحَاوَرَتِهِنَّ عِنْدَ الْحَاجَةِ إلَى ذَلِكَ وَلَا نُجِيزُ لَهُنَّ رَفْعَ أَصْوَاتِهِنَّ وَلَا تَمْطِيطَهَا وَلَا تَلْيِينَهَا وَتَقْطِيعَهَا لِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ اسْتِمَالَةِ الرِّجَالِ إلَيْهِنَّ وَتَحْرِيكِ الشَّهَوَاتِ مِنْهُمْ وَمِنْ هَذَا لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ تُؤَذِّنَ الْمَرْأَةُ. اهـ.
وَهَذَا يُفِيدُ أَنَّ الْعَوْرَةَ رَفْعُ الصَّوْتِ الَّذِي لَا يَخْلُو غَالِبًا عَنْ النَّغْمَةِ لَا مُطْلَقِ الْكَلَامِ فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ الْقِرَاءَةُ لَا تَخْلُو عَنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ أَحَبُّ إلَيَّ فَلْيُتَأَمَّلْ.
(البحر الرائق مع منحة الخالق، ج ١، ص ٢٧٠، ايج ايم سعيد كمبني)
[6] Ahsanul Fatawa, vol. 8, p. 42, H.M. Saeed Company
[7] Fatawa Mahmudiyyah, v. 19 p. 196, Darul Iftaa Jami'ah Faruqiyyah
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