Question Summary:
Is the 6 Kalimas proven from Hadith? Differences of the Shias. Question Detail:
I want to know from where the 6 kalimahs have been deduced and in which book can we find them either Quran or Hadees?
A shia asked me, where is it said that you cannot add anything in the kalimahs as there are already 6 kalimahs. Why is it kufr to add anything in it if it is not stated anywhere in Quran or Hadees that adding to it is kufr.
Answer :
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
These 6 Kalimas you refer to were compiled for children to memorise and learn the basic fundamentals of a Muslim's beliefs (aqidah). All the Kalimas are not found in one complete Hadith or narration from the Prophet (Sallallahu Alahi Wa Sallam). However, they can be supported from the following Ahadith;
1) First Kalimah (Kalimah Tayyibah):
لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا الله مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله
Translation,
There is none worthy of worship except Allah and Muhammad (Sallallahu Alahi Wa Sallam) is the Messenger of Allah.
It is stated in a Hadith,
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، فَمَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، فَقَدْ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ، وَنَفْسَهُ، إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ
The Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu Alahi Wa Sallam) declared: I have been directed to fight against people so long as they do not say: La ilaaha illal-laah (There is no god but Allah). (Muslim; Chapter: The command to fight the people until they say "La ilaha illallah Muhammadur Rasulul-Allah")1
2) Second Kalimah (Kalimah Shahadah):
أَشْهَدُ أنْ لا إلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأشْهَدُ أنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ
Translation,
I testify that there is none worthy of worship but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad (Sallallahu Alahi Wa Sallam) is His servant and His Messenger.
It is stated in a Hadith,
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَأَنَّ عِيسَى عَبْدُ اللهِ، وَابْنُ أَمَتِهِ، وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقَاهَا إِلَى مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌ مِنْهُ، وَأَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ حَقٌّ، وَأَنَّ النَّارَ حَقٌّ، أَدْخَلَهُ اللهُ مِنْ أَيِّ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ الثَّمَانِيَةِ شَاء
He who said: Ašhadu an lā ilāha illā-llāh waḥdahu lā šarīka lahu, wa ašhadu anna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa rasūluh (There is no god but Allah, He is One and there is no associate with Him, that Muhammad (Sallallahu Alahi Wa Sallam) is his servant and His messenger),… Allah would make him (he who affirms these truths) enter Paradise through any one of its eight doors which he would like.(Muslim 46)2
3) Third Kalimah (Kalimah Tamjeed):
سُبْحَان اللهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلّهِ وَلا إِلهَ إِلّا اللّهُ وَاللّهُ أكْبَرُ وَلا حَوْلَ وَلاَ قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِيْم
Translation,
Glory be to Allah and all praise be to Allah, and there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and Allah is the Greatest, and there is no might or power except from Allah, The most high, The great.
4) Fourth Kalimah (Kalimah Tauheed):
لَآ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهٗ لَا شَرِيْكَ لَهٗ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحْىٖ وَ يُمِيْتُ بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُؕ وَهُوَ عَلٰى كُلِّ شیْ ٍٔ قَدِیْرٌ
Translation,
There is none worthy of worship except Allah. He is alone and has no partner. To Him belongs the Kingdom and for Him is all praise. He gives life and causes death. In His hand is all good and He has power over everything.
The 3rd and 4th Kalimas are mentioned in the following Hadith,
عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قال من تعار من الليل فقال لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له له الملك وهو على كل شيء قدير وسبحان الله والحمد لله ولا إله إلا الله والله أكبر ولا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله ثم قال رب اغفر لي أو قال ثم دعا استجيب له فإن عزم فتوضأ ثم صلى قبلت صلاته
The Messenger of Allah Sallallahu Alahi Wa Sallam said: “Whoever wakes up in the night and say, (La Ilaha Illallah, Wahdahu La Sharika Lahu, Lahul-Mulku Wa Lahul-Hamdu, Wa Huwa ala Kulli Shai’in Qadir (None has the right to be worshipped but Allah, alone, without partner, to Him belongs the Dominion, and to Him is the praise, and He has power over all things.) And Subhan Allah, Walhamdullilah, Wa La Ilaha Illallah, Wa Allahu Akbar, Wa La Hawla Wa La Quwwata Illa Billah. (Glory is to Allah, and all the praise is to Allah, and ‘None has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and Allah is the greatest, and there is no might nor power except by Allah.)’ – then he says: Rabbighfirli (‘O my Lord, forgive me) then he supplicates, he shall be responded to. (Tirmidhi 3414)3
5) Fifth Kalimah) Kalimah Istighfar ) is a supplication (Dua) in disapproving of disbelief (kufr) and seeking protection of Allah from associating any partners with Him.
اَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ رَبِّىْ مِنْ كُلِّ ذَنْۢبٍ اَذْنَبْتُهٗ عَمَدًا اَوْ خَطَا ًٔ سِرًّا اَوْ عَلَانِيَةً وَّاَتُوْبُ اِلَيْهِ مِنَ الذَّنْۢبِ الَّذِیْٓ اَعْلَمُ وَ مِنَ الذَّنْۢبِ الَّذِىْ لَآ اَعْلَمُ اِنَّكَ اَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوْبِ وَ سَتَّارُ الْعُيُوْبِ و َغَفَّارُ الذُّنُوْبِ وَ لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ اِلَّا بِاللهِ الْعَلِىِّ الْعَظِيْم
Translation,
I seek forgiveness from Allah from every sin I committed knowingly or unknowingly, secretly or openly. I also seek His forgiveness for all sins which I am aware of or am not aware of. Certainly You (O Allah!), are the Knower of the hidden and the Concealer of mistakes and the Forgiver of sins. And there is no power and no strength except from Allah, the Most High, the Most Great.
Istigfaar(repentance) is emphasized upon in the following Hadith,
قالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ تُوبُوا إِلَى اللهِ، فَإِنِّي أَتُوبُ، فِي الْيَوْمِ إِلَيْهِ مِائَةَ، مَرَّةٍ
The Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu Alahi Wa Sallam) said: “O you people! Repent to Allah and seek His forgiveness. Truly I myself offer repentance one hundred times each day.” (Muslim 2702)4
6) Sixth Kalimah (Radd-e-Kufr) (rejection of disbelief).
اَللَّهُمَّ اِنِّيْ اَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ اَنْ اُشْرِكَ بِكَ شَيْئًا وَّ اَنَا اَعْلَمُ بِهِ وَ اَسْتَغْفِرُكَ لِمَا لَا اَعْلَمُ بِهِ تُبْتُ عَنْهُ وَ تَبَرَّأتُ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ وَ الشِّرْكِ وَ الْكِذْبِ وَ الْمَعَاصِيْ كُلِّهَا اَسْلَمْتُ وَ آمَنْتُ وَ اَقُوْلُ لَا اِلَهَ اِلَّا اللهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَّسُوْلُ الله
Translation,
O Allah! I seek refuge in You from that I should ascribe any partner with You knowingly. I seek Your forgiveness from that which Ido not know. I I repent from it and I free myself from disbelief and joining partners with You and from falsehood and from all sins. I submit to Your will and I believe and I declare that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and Muhammad (Sallallahu Alahi Wa Sallam) is the Messenger of Allah.
This Kalimah found in the Hadith,
قال النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم والذي نفسي بيده للشرك أخفى من دبيب النمل ألا أدلك على شيء إذا قلته ذهب عنك قليله وكثيره قال قل اللهم إني أعوذ بك أن أشرك بك وأنا أعلم وأستغفرك لما لا أعلم
Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alahi Wa Sallam) said: “Shirk i is much more hidden than an ant crawling. Should I not teach you such a thing that if you recite it, you will be free from minor and major Shirk.” He said, say : “Allahumma innee a’oozu bika min an ushrika bika shayaw wa-ana a’alam wa-astaghfiruka limaa laa a’alam.”(“O Allah, I seek protection in You from that I ascribe partners to You knowingly and I seek forgiveness from You for those things which I do not know.”) (Aladab Almufrad 716)5.
The last four Kalimahs are words of Dhikr and Dua..
The issue is however not the wording of the Kalimahs, but rather having the correct beliefs (Aqidah). The majority of present-day Shias hold such beliefs which render them out of the fold of Islam. Shi’ism has very little in common with the correct mainstream Islam. The unbridgeable divide between the two is entrenched in some of the core fundamentals of this sect, such as;
The Twelve Imams- According to their beliefs, Allah had chosen twelve men to succeed Nabi (Sall Allah alayhi wasallam). The Twelfth Imam however disappeared at the age of five. He is believed to be the awaited Mahdi.
The status of The Imams-These Imaams possess more knowledge than the Ambiyaa. They are superior to the Ambiyaa and the entire creation.
The Noble Quran has been distorted.- Their scholars believe The Qur’an is incomplete and distorted in its present form.
Vilification and apostasy of the Sahabah.- The Sahaaba were guilty of wilfully distorting and corrupting Islam. They turned renegade after the demise of Nabi (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) except the immediate household of Nabi (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam). They also believe the noble wives of Rasul (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) were responsible for his death.
The permissibility of Muta’.-(similar to adultery and fornication).
Virtues of Taqiyyah.-(The promoting lies and deceit).
For further details on the Shia sect you may refer to; http://www.askimam.org/public/question_detail/19118
It is also important to note that one should be cautious when debating about aspects of deen with non-Muslims and other sects disguised under the name of Islam (e.g. Shias). Since there is a fear of fitnah in regards to one's Imaan, it is best that you first consult with senior 'Ulama and make sure that you are well grounded and have a firm knowledge in all aspects of beliefs and creeds of the Islamic faith before stepping into such a territory.
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Arshad Ali
Student Darul Iftaa
Trinidad
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
http://www.daruliftaa.net/
صحيح مسلم (1/ 51)1
صحيح مسلم (1/ 57)2
سنن الترمذي (5/ 480)3
صحيح مسلم (4/ 2075)4
الأدب المفرد (ص: 250)5
مسند أحمد ط الرسالة (34/ 17)
عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكَرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَقُولُ: " اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ، وَالْفَقْرِ، وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ "
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