Question Summary:
I made a promise and broke it, what is the Kaffarah for this? Question Detail:
I MADE A PROMISE TO SOME PERSON WHICH I BROKE. I WANT TO KNO WAHAT IS MY QAFFARAH AND HOW CAN I SERVE THE PERSON IF HE IS HURT FOR THIS.
Answer :
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykumwa-rahmatullāhiwa-barakātuh.
Shariah emphasizes on fulfilling promises. Consider the following.
يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ(مائدة)
O you who believe, fulfill the contracts.)Maidah, verse: 1)
وَأَوْفُوا بِالْعَهْدِ إِنَّ الْعَهْدَ كَانَ مَسْئُولًا (الإسراء)
And fulfill the covenant. Surely, the covenant shall be asked about (on the Day of Reckoning). (Al-israa, verse: 34).
عَنْ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ -رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم لَا تُمَارِ أَخَاكَ, وَلَا تُمَازِحْهُ, وَلَا تَعِدْهُ مَوْعِدًا فَتُخْلِفَهُ (ترميذي)
Ibn Abbas (Radhiyallahu Anhu) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“Don’t dispute with your brother; don’t make jokes with him; and don’t make him a promise which you would break.(Tirmidhi)
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ كَانَ مُنَافِقًا، أَوْ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةٍ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنَ النِّفَاقِ، حَتَّى يَدَعَهَا إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وَإِذَا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ، وَإِذَا خَاصَمَ فَجَرَ(بخاري)
Abdullah bin `Amr Radhiyallahu Anhu narrated:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Whoever has (the following) four characters will be a hypocrite, and whoever has one of the following four characteristics will have one characteristic of hypocrisy until he gives it up. These are: (1) Whenever he talks, he tells a lie; (2) whenever he makes a promise, he breaks it; (3) whenever he makes a covenant he proves treacherous; (4) and whenever he quarrels, he behaves impudently in an evil insulting manner." (Bukhari)
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ قَالَ " كَيْفَ بِكُمْ وَبِزَمَانٍ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يُغَرْبَلُ النَّاسُ فِيهِ غَرْبَلَةً وَتَبْقَى حُثَالَةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ قَدْ مَرِجَتْ عُهُودُهُمْ وَأَمَانَاتُهُمْ فَاخْتَلَفُوا وَكَانُوا هَكَذَا " . وَشَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ قَالُوا كَيْفَ بِنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ " تَأْخُذُونَ بِمَا تَعْرِفُونَ وَتَدَعُونَ مَا تُنْكِرُونَ وَتُقْبِلُونَ عَلَى خَاصَّتِكُمْ وَتَذَرُونَ أَمْرَ عَوَامِّكُمْ (سنن ابن ماجة)
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: Hasan (Darussalam)
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Abdullah bin ‘Amr narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“How will you be at a time that will soon come, when the good people will pass away and only the worst ones will be left, who will break their promises and betray their trusts, and they will differ while they were previously together like this,” – and he interlaced his fingers. They said: “What should we do, O Messenger of Allah, when that comes to pass?” He said: “Follow that which you know is true, and leave that which you dislike. Take care of your own affairs and turn away from the common folk. (Ibn majah)
Breaking a promise is viewed in a serious light in Shariah and a sign of hypocrisy. See the following.
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلاَثٌ، إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ خَانَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ (بخاري)
ﷺ The Prophet Hadhrat Abu Hurairah Radhiyallahu Anhu reports
said, "The signs of a hypocrite are three: Whenever he speaks he tells a lie; whenever he is entrusted he proves dishonest; whenever he promises he breaks his promise."(Bukhari)
If you made a promise and deliberately broke it without a valid excuse, you have committed a sin. You should make sincere tauba and resolve never to repeat such a sin in future. You should also apologize to your friend for the pain and hurt caused due to breaking the promise. If you broke the promise due to unavoidable situation, explain that to your friend.
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Zakir Husain
Student DarulIftaa
Michigan, U.S.A
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
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